Best quote from How the CJEU and Court of Auditors Protect EU Law
The EU judicial system is a 'community of law' where even the most powerful institutions can be told 'no' by a group of judges if they overstep their bounds, ensuring that accountability and transparency actually mean something.
This audio lesson was created by a BeFreed community member
2.5 Court of Justice of the EU: structure (Court of Justice, General Court), main types of procedures 2.6 European Court of Auditors: role in budget control and discharge 2.7 European Central Bank and ESCB/Eurosystem: mandate, role in EMU and price stability
Frequently Asked Questions
The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) is a two-tier system designed to manage a high volume of cases efficiently. The Court of Justice is the higher body that acts as a constitutional anchor, primarily handling "preliminary rulings" where it provides definitive interpretations of EU law for national judges. The General Court is a larger body with 54 judges that serves as the first point of contact for direct actions brought by individuals or companies, such as disputes over intellectual property, competition fines, or administrative decisions.
The ECA acts as the "financial conscience" of the EU by auditing the budget to ensure funds are managed legally and effectively. While it does not have the power to prosecute, it produces an Annual Report that includes a Statement of Assurance on the reliability of accounts and the error rate of spending. This report is a critical component of the "Discharge Procedure," where the European Parliament decides whether to approve the European Commission's management of the budget based on the ECA's findings.
The ECB’s primary mandate is to maintain price stability within the euro area, which it defines as keeping inflation close to, but below, 2% over the medium term. To ensure it can pursue this goal without political interference, the ECB is granted a high degree of independence. However, when the ECB acts in its capacity as a banking supervisor through the Single Supervisory Mechanism, its decisions are subject to "Hard Look Review" by the General Court to ensure they are coherent and supported by hard evidence.
Yes, through a procedure called an "Action for Annulment" under Article 263 of the TFEU. To do this, the person or company must demonstrate "standing," meaning the act must affect them personally and directly rather than being a general law that applies to everyone. There is a strict two-month deadline to file this challenge from the time the act is published or the party is notified. If an individual cannot afford the legal costs, the EU provides a Legal Aid system to ensure the courts remain accessible.
If an institution has a legal obligation to make a decision or reply to a formal request and fails to do so, a party can file an "Action for Failure to Act" under Article 265 of the TFEU. Before heading to court in Luxembourg, the party must first formally call upon the institution to act. If the institution still does not respond within two months of that warning, the case can proceed to the General Court to force the bureaucracy to fulfill its duties.
Discover more
Learn to audit compliance like an expert
Learn to audit compliance like an expert
Compliance auditing expertise is increasingly vital as organizations face growing regulatory complexity and scrutiny. This learning plan equips professionals with the technical knowledge and strategic perspective needed to conduct thorough audits, mitigate compliance risks, and advance their careers in audit and compliance roles.
History and JUDICIARY
History and JUDICIARY
This learning plan provides essential knowledge about how judicial systems shape democratic societies and protect fundamental rights. It's ideal for students of law, politics, or history, as well as citizens seeking to understand how courts influence governance and social change.
Pass EU AD5 Competition & Master EU Knowledge
Pass EU AD5 Competition & Master EU Knowledge
This learning plan is essential for aspiring EU officials aiming to navigate the rigorous AD5 selection process. It is specifically designed for professionals seeking to master European governance and competition law while refining the strategic exam skills required for high-level administrative roles.
Learn about law
Learn about law
This plan provides a comprehensive overview of how legal frameworks shape society and protect individual freedoms. It is ideal for aspiring law students, civic-minded citizens, or professionals seeking to understand the ethical and procedural foundations of justice.
Overspending
Overspending
Overspending affects millions who struggle to balance immediate desires with long-term financial health. This learning plan helps anyone caught in spend-regret cycles by addressing the psychological roots of money behaviors while providing practical systems for lasting financial control.
Law
Law
Legal literacy is essential in a society governed by laws, affecting everything from business decisions to everyday civil rights. This learning plan provides a comprehensive foundation for those interested in law as a profession, those needing to understand legal frameworks for their careers, or citizens wanting to better understand their rights and responsibilities.
Conservationist law
Conservationist law
This plan is essential for professionals and activists seeking to navigate the complex legal landscape of environmental preservation. It bridges the gap between scientific principles and legal enforcement for those protecting our natural world.
How to be a human rights lawyer. How to speak well and captivate audience. How to become a millionaire.
How to be a human rights lawyer. How to speak well and captivate audience. How to become a millionaire.
This learning plan bridges the gap between human rights advocacy and financial success, ideal for aspiring attorneys who want to make a difference while building wealth. It combines legal expertise, communication mastery, and financial literacy essential for those seeking to advance human rights causes without sacrificing personal prosperity.
From Columbia University alumni built in San Francisco
"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."
"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."
"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."
"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."
"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."
"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."
"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."
"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."
"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"
"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."
"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."
"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"
From Columbia University alumni built in San Francisco
"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."
"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."
"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."
"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."
"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."
"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."
"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."
"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."
"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"
"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."
"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."
"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"
"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."
"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."
"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."
"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."
"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."
"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."
"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."
"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."
"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"
"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."
"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."
"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"
"Instead of endless scrolling, I just hit play on BeFreed. It saves me so much time."
"I never knew where to start with nonfiction—BeFreed’s book lists turned into podcasts gave me a clear path."
"Perfect balance between learning and entertainment. Finished ‘Thinking, Fast and Slow’ on my commute this week."
"Crazy how much I learned while walking the dog. BeFreed = small habits → big gains."
"Reading used to feel like a chore. Now it’s just part of my lifestyle."
"Feels effortless compared to reading. I’ve finished 6 books this month already."
"BeFreed turned my guilty doomscrolling into something that feels productive and inspiring."
"BeFreed turned my commute into learning time. 20-min podcasts are perfect for finishing books I never had time for."
"BeFreed replaced my podcast queue. Imagine Spotify for books — that’s it. 🙌"
"It is great for me to learn something from the book without reading it."
"The themed book list podcasts help me connect ideas across authors—like a guided audio journey."
"Makes me feel smarter every time before going to work"
