Frozen shoulder is essentially the body’s internal 'shrink-wrap' effect, where the joint capsule thickens and contracts through an intense inflammatory and fibrotic process. Because this is a biological process that can last up to 24 months, the key to treatment is matching the intensity of therapy to the shoulder's level of irritability.
Teaching on assessment, testing, investigation, diagnosis and physiotherapy treatment of adhesive capsulitis







Frozen shoulder, clinically known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterized by a progressive decline in shoulder mobility. It involves an intense inflammatory and fibrotic process where the joint capsule, which is typically loose, begins to thicken and contract. This creates a shrink-wrap effect around the joint, making simple movements like reaching for a shelf difficult for the 2% to 5% of the population it affects.
Adhesive capsulitis is significantly more common in women and typically affects individuals between the ages of 40 and 70. Beyond age and gender, systemic health plays a major role in risk levels. Specifically, people with diabetes or thyroid disease have a much higher risk of developing this condition, making these health factors important red flags for clinicians to monitor during a patient's history.
Joint capsule fibrosis causes the shoulder joint to feel as though it has been filled with concrete. Instead of a simple mechanical blockage, the condition is a result of the joint capsule thickening and contracting through a fibrotic process. This contraction limits the range of motion significantly, leading to a stiff shoulder that lacks the flexibility required for normal daily activities and reach.
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